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The EPOC project aims to understand the role of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in the Earth system and its impacts on weather and climate. A specific focus of the EPOC project is to re-evaluate the conceptual idea of the AMOC as a 'great ocean conveyor', and to that end, assesses AMOC coherence and variability as a function of timescale and latitude. Within EPOC, we have targeted one known location where AMOC coherence is expected to breakdown (a "transition area"), at 47°N in the Atlantic in a region of strong convex topography. In EPOC-Hopon, we will target a second transition area across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge (GSR). The GSR is an area of shallow topography which separates the North Atlantic from the Nordic Seas and Arctic, where the GSR presents a barrier to connectivity between dense waters formed in the Nordic Seas or Arctic and the dense waters which make up the southward flowing limb of the AMOC in the wider North Atlantic. Here, we propose to extend observational records of the transports across the ridge, including the dense overflows and the northward flow of warm salty Atlantic water towards the Arctic, by re-analysing historical observations and making new ones across a long-standing gap in observations across the ridge (specifically, the Iceland-Faroe Ridge). These records will be used to help connect and validate transport estimates generated within EPOC using multi-observational approaches, while the new observations will be used to test and improve new methods to observe the AMOC across this key transition area and in a region where climate models struggle to represent observed oceanic processes. The EPOC-Hopon project addresses a key region in AMOC science, strengthens the connection between EPOC work and the Arctic, and improves knowledge circulation between the EPOC partners in Europe, the UK, USA, and Canada with the new partner in the Faroe Islands.
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