Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in loss of kidney function in patients, ultimately requiring organ transplant. Critical organ shortage and organ rejection after transplant make extended dialysis inevitable and the only therapy available. To exacerbate this problem, the incidence of CKD is increasing worldwide, with >14% of the general population affected. Hence, there is an urgent need for novel therapies. Induced pluripotent stem cells have been used to create kidney organoids representing early renal development stages. These organoids might be a suitable therapy in the future but fundamental challenges to achieve late stages of physiologically relevant maturation and function need to be addressed. The lack of vasculature and collection duct systems limits the viability and filtrate removal. To overcome this challenge, I aim to develop a novel, mature in vitro kidney model by exploiting different bioprinting technologies combined with organoid knowledge. This solution will include a bioengineered kidney extracellular (ECM) microenvironment, a vascularized network and a collecting duct system. I hypothesize that the strategic combinations of different bioprinting techniques will allow the development of key structures such as vasculature, essential for promoting maturation of the in vitro model, and a collecting duct for filtrate collection with an expected increase in function resembling the organ. Finally, the combination of the different modules on a microfluidic platform will allow the accurate control of the organoid perfusion and long-term cultures. NEPHRON will allow further knowledge on bioprinting functional kidney units while providing scientists an improved in vitro model to study development, disease and regeneration of the kidney. This knowledge can lead ultimately to alternative therapies and give initial indications on the future possibility of bioprinting a full functional organ.