Resilient societies are able to maintain high levels of care, work and inclusion, despite the challenges posed by changing circumstances. We argue that a key component in the potential of societies to achieve this resilience is their ability to sustain cooperation within and between families, organizations, and communities. Cooperation is difficult to sustain over time. Cooperation in one area (in organizations) can undermine it in another (the family). There can be undesirable consequences, for instance for individuals not involved, and the conditions on which cooperation was established can change. Even though cooperation is a fundamental and inextricable part of the human condition, it is not surprising that the journal Science in 2005 placed it atop its list of the most compelling scientific puzzles to be solved. The SCOOP consortium proposes a major, interdisciplinary multi-methods program of study to identify the secrets of sustainable cooperation and to elucidate its effects on care, work and inclusion. SCOOP brings together leading Dutch scholars in Sociology, History, Psychology, and Philosophy. Together, they have built an innovative theoretical model to integrate their complementary expertise and developed an interdisciplinary joint research strategy. Using this approach, they will disentangle the mystery of cooperation and, their program will generate novel solutions for care, work, and inclusion and contribute roadmaps to enhance the resilience of societies. In addition to the academic breakthroughs generated by this program, it will also offer several tangible long-term gains, including the development of a multi-method, open-access data interface; a research infrastructure capable of tackling cooperation issues from multiple disciplinary perspectives; and a talent selection and training program to prepare the next generation of top researchers. The main result will be the generation of insights and instruments that can be used by societal partners and stakeholders to foster a resilient society.