We aim to unravel the molecular basis of plant embryo development without fertilization (Parthenogenesis) and apply it in protocols for breeding line production and maintenance. Gametic embryogenesis has high potential for the instant production of homozygous lines from haploid gametes (doubled haploids, DHs), and breeding lines from (un)reduced gametes obtained by modifying steps in meiosis. Parthenogenesis in combination with the omission of meiosis is of great interest to maintain vigorous F1-hybrids via clonal seed production. Parthenogenesis occurs naturally in a variety of species, mainly in combination with apomeiosis (unreduced gametes), known as Apomixis. We will perform a single cell comparative transcriptome analysis of eggs, embryo sacs and zygotes from apomictic versus sexual dandelions (Taraxacum), characterize the differentially expressed transcripts, and develop their application in crops.