Demand for high density, integrated electronics has become a defining feature of modern technology. At its ultimate limit, nanotechnology can enable low-cost and highly scalable sensors, computing elements, and lighting. The industrial benefits are clear - in particular bottom-up fabrication allows for high-level functionality and huge production scale at low cost. As this production technique emerges from the laboratory and into industry, issues such as yield, heterogeneity, and functional parameter spread have emerged as a critical aspect for efficacy to be established in advanced nanomaterials. To date, no framework exists for studying inhomogeneity in functional nano-electronics. I will combine highly-scaled measurements with cutting-edge data techniques to establish a gold-standard methodology for functional nanotechnology development, enabling industrial take-up. This will build on experimental approaches that I have recently demonstrated, including machine-vision identification of nanomaterials and automated electronic and optical spectroscopy, alongside computational approaches for rapid and technique-independent re-identification of single nanoparticles. I will implement analytics which draw on existing population-study methods such as linear and multivariate correlation; a specific goal of this project is to translate advanced techniques from diverse fields including astrophysics and health research, and in particular apply Bayesian analysis for model identification and augmented intelligence (including machine learning methods) where appropriate. These methodologies will be developed to study cutting edge challenges in functional nanomaterials; starting with the development of lasers for chip-to-chip communication, and the production of an industrially relevant capability for single-particle nanotechnology characterisation. By bringing this methodology together with pick-and-place capability through project partners, this project will enable demonstration of extremely low-yield yet transformative devices based on novel nanotechnology, for sensing, telecommunication or quantum devices.