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Non-volatile marine and non-refractory continental sources of particle-phase amine during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES)
Copyright policy )Amines were measured by aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) cruises. Both AMS non-refractory (NR) amine ion fragments comprising the AMS CxHyNz family and FTIR non-volatile (NV) primary (C–NH2) amine groups typically had greater concentrations in continental air masses than in marine air masses. Secondary continental sources of AMS NR amine fragments were identified by consistent correlations with AMS NR nitrate, AMS NR f44 (the contribution of AMS ion signal at m/z 44 (CO2+) to the total AMS NR organic mass (OM) signal), ion chromatography (IC) non-sea-salt potassium (nssK+), and radon for most air masses. FTIR NV amine group mass concentrations for particles with diameters <1µm showed large contributions from a primary marine source that was identified by significant correlations with measurements of wind speed, chlorophyll a (chl a), seawater dimethylsulfide (DMS), AMS NR chloride, and IC sea salt as well as FTIR NV alcohol groups in both marine and continental air masses. FTIR NV amine group mass concentrations in <0.18 and <0.5 µm particle samples in marine air masses likely have a biogenic secondary source associated with strong correlations with FTIR NV acid groups, which are not present for <1 µm particle samples. The average seasonal contribution of AMS NR amine fragments and FTIR NV amine groups ranged from 27±57 % amine from primary marine sources and 73±152 % secondary continental amine during early spring to 53±76 % amine from primary marine sources and 47±68 % secondary continental amine during winter. These results demonstrate that AMS NR and FTIR NV amine measurements are complementary and can be used together to investigate the variety and sources of amines in the marine environment.
Atmospheric Science
Atmospheric Science
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology College of agricultural sciences Oregon State University United States
- University of California, San Diego United States
- University of Mary United States
- Washington State University United States
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment United States
Figure 2: Scatter plot of (ADL) FTIR NV amine groups in particles with diameters <1 μm versus AMS NR amine fragments for (a) all cruises (ρ = 0.02, p = 0.18), (b) Winter, (c) Late Spring, (d) Autumn, and (e) Early Spring. Markers represent each cruise- open diamond: Winter, crosses: Late Spring, asterisk: Autumn, open triangle: Early Spring. Marker colors represent air mass type: blue: marine, yellow: continental. The solid grey lines are the lines of best fit obtained using an ordinary least squares regression. A twotailed T test is used to estimate p-values.
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology College of agricultural sciences Oregon State University United States
- University of California, San Diego United States
- University of Mary United States
- Washington State University United States
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment United States
- Oregon State University United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, US United States
- UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON United States
- Government of Canada Canada
- NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory United States
- Environment and Climate Change Canada Canada
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences University of California (UCLA) United States
- Department of Earth Sciences University of California United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography United States
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory United Kingdom
- University of California San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography United States
- California Air Resources Board United States
- Department of Earth Sciences University California Santa Cruz United States
- University of California System United States
- PLYMOUTH MARINE LABORATORY LIMITED United Kingdom
- University of Washington United States
Amines were measured by aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) cruises. Both AMS non-refractory (NR) amine ion fragments comprising the AMS CxHyNz family and FTIR non-volatile (NV) primary (C–NH2) amine groups typically had greater concentrations in continental air masses than in marine air masses. Secondary continental sources of AMS NR amine fragments were identified by consistent correlations with AMS NR nitrate, AMS NR f44 (the contribution of AMS ion signal at m/z 44 (CO2+) to the total AMS NR organic mass (OM) signal), ion chromatography (IC) non-sea-salt potassium (nssK+), and radon for most air masses. FTIR NV amine group mass concentrations for particles with diameters <1µm showed large contributions from a primary marine source that was identified by significant correlations with measurements of wind speed, chlorophyll a (chl a), seawater dimethylsulfide (DMS), AMS NR chloride, and IC sea salt as well as FTIR NV alcohol groups in both marine and continental air masses. FTIR NV amine group mass concentrations in <0.18 and <0.5 µm particle samples in marine air masses likely have a biogenic secondary source associated with strong correlations with FTIR NV acid groups, which are not present for <1 µm particle samples. The average seasonal contribution of AMS NR amine fragments and FTIR NV amine groups ranged from 27±57 % amine from primary marine sources and 73±152 % secondary continental amine during early spring to 53±76 % amine from primary marine sources and 47±68 % secondary continental amine during winter. These results demonstrate that AMS NR and FTIR NV amine measurements are complementary and can be used together to investigate the variety and sources of amines in the marine environment.