The Role of Biodiversity and Ecosystems in Sustainable Development
The Role of Biodiversity and Ecosystems in Sustainable Development
Biologically diverse ecosystems in countries served by the World Bank provide an array of valuable economic services. While the benefits of conserving ecosystems frequently outweigh the costs, conversion of these ecosystems to other uses occurs anyway, because many ecosystem benefits are of a public good nature, without markets that would reflect their real value. The objective of this paper was defined at a Concept review meeting held on December 2009 and is to increase the understanding on how biodiversity is incorporated in a development agency such as the World Bank Group (WBG) and how the WBG can enhance its role in biodiversity and ecosystems protection and management as a key ingredient to reach development sustainability. In order to define a reasonable strategy to prepare this paper, two approaches were used: the first was to carry out background and analytical studies, and the second was to consult with a wide range of stakeholders including Bank staff, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and indigenous groups. Biodiversity provides many instrumental benefits, from food and fuel to recreation. But even where biodiversity is not immediately instrumental, it represents global public goods that must be protected, if only for their potential value in the future. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) has been the mainstay of grants implemented by the Bank ($1.4 billion) for biodiversity conservation and management, but the Bank has itself committed $2 billion in loans and has leveraged $2.9 billion in co-financing.
- World Bank United States
LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES, TROPICAL FORESTS, AMPHIBIANS, NATIONAL ACCOUNTING, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, WILD NATURE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT, BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION, CARBON STORAGE, EXTERNALITIES, NATURAL FEATURES, MARINE FISHERIES, MARINE RESOURCES, POLICY MAKERS, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, HABITAT, HUMAN SETTLEMENTS, EMISSIONS, NATURAL CAPITAL, NEGATIVE IMPACTS, NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS, DECLINE IN BIODIVERSITY, BUFFER ZONES, CASE STUDIES, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES, GENETIC DIVERSITY, GRASSLANDS, LANDSCAPES, ECOSYSTEM PROTECTION, REDUCTION OF BIODIVERSITY, PASTURE MANAGEMENT, MITIGATION, FOREST MANAGEMENT, ADAPTATION STRATEGIES, ECONOMIC VALUES, EFFECTIVE CONSERVATION, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, FOREST ECOSYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, EXPLOITATION, PREDATORS, CARBON EMISSIONS, EROSION CONTROL, GENETIC MATERIAL, BIOLOGICALLY DIVERSE ECOSYSTEMS, CORAL REEFS, ENVIRONMENTAL, INVASIVE SPECIES, FOOD PRODUCTION, ENDANGERED SPECIES, LAND USES, CROP PRODUCTION, CARBON CYCLE, BIODIVERSITY, ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, BIODIVERSITY ECOSYSTEMS, COASTAL ZONE, BIODIVERSITY CRISIS, BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES, PUBLIC GOOD, CLIMATE CHANGE, CATTLE, BIOMASS, CARBON, FORESTS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, CONSERVE BIODIVERSITY, FISH STOCK, APPROACH TO BIODIVERSITY, ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE, NATURAL HABITAT, FOREST, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, BENEFIT ANALYSIS, FLOOD CONTROL, LOCAL LIVELIHOODS, BIODIVERSITY VALUATION, CRITICAL HABITATS, BIODIVERSITY LOSS, RED LIST, ILLEGAL TRADE, SOIL EROSION, ECONOMIC VALUE, WILDLIFE, MARINE ECOSYSTEMS, RECYCLING, GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, ECONOMIC VALUATION, ECONOMISTS, FISHERS, ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS, CRITICAL NATURAL HABITATS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, DAMS, REDUCING EMISSIONS, CROPS, ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT, NATURAL AREAS, FLOODS, WATERSHED PROTECTION, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMICS, LANDSCAPE, CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL TERMS, FRESHWATER, HABITAT DESTRUCTION, PUBLIC GOODS, CLIMATE, IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, RIVERINE, TREE SPECIES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, PRESENT VALUE, RESERVOIRS, LIVELIHOODS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, STORM PROTECTION, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CRITICAL ECOSYSTEM, ECOSYSTEMS, ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT, ECOSYSTEM HEALTH, LAND MANAGEMENT, POLLUTANTS, NATURE, RAINFALL, POPULATION GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, TOURISM, CONSTRUCTION, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, OIL, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY, PARKS, DIETS, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, FRAGMENTATION, PRIVATE COSTS, FRESH WATER, NATURAL HABITATS, MARINE RESERVES, INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES, CRITICAL ECOSYSTEMS, COASTAL DEVELOPMENT, LOSS OF SPECIES, FARMS, FISH, POLLUTION, TIMBER, WATERSHED, INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT, DRY SEASON, BIODIVERSITY ACTIVITIES, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, WILDLIFE TRADE, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, CLEAN WATER, ECONOMIC BENEFITS, GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY, HOT SPOTS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURE, EROSION, BUILDING MATERIALS, UNSUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION, TRADEOFFS, CARBON SINKS, ECOSYSTEM GOODS, WORLD FISHERIES, CARBON DIOXIDE, EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS, WETLANDS, LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY, ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION, FOOD SECURITY, HABITAT CONSERVATION, MOUNTAINS, WATERSHEDS, ECONOMIC MODELS, GRANT MONEY, MANGROVES, BIODIVERSITY FUNDS, GREENHOUSE GASES, BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION, BIOLOGY, NUTRIENT CYCLING, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE, SUSTAINABLE USE, CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, FORESTRY, CONTINGENT VALUATION, BIRDS, ENDEMIC SPECIES, NATURAL RESOURCES, PROTECTED AREAS, SOILS, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, REPLENISHMENT, CONSERVATION EFFORTS, SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS, VEGETATIVE COVER, ECOSYSTEM, NATIONAL WILDLIFE, DEFORESTATION, DATA COLLECTION, FISHERIES
LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES, TROPICAL FORESTS, AMPHIBIANS, NATIONAL ACCOUNTING, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, WILD NATURE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT, BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION, CARBON STORAGE, EXTERNALITIES, NATURAL FEATURES, MARINE FISHERIES, MARINE RESOURCES, POLICY MAKERS, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, HABITAT, HUMAN SETTLEMENTS, EMISSIONS, NATURAL CAPITAL, NEGATIVE IMPACTS, NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS, DECLINE IN BIODIVERSITY, BUFFER ZONES, CASE STUDIES, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES, GENETIC DIVERSITY, GRASSLANDS, LANDSCAPES, ECOSYSTEM PROTECTION, REDUCTION OF BIODIVERSITY, PASTURE MANAGEMENT, MITIGATION, FOREST MANAGEMENT, ADAPTATION STRATEGIES, ECONOMIC VALUES, EFFECTIVE CONSERVATION, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, FOREST ECOSYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, EXPLOITATION, PREDATORS, CARBON EMISSIONS, EROSION CONTROL, GENETIC MATERIAL, BIOLOGICALLY DIVERSE ECOSYSTEMS, CORAL REEFS, ENVIRONMENTAL, INVASIVE SPECIES, FOOD PRODUCTION, ENDANGERED SPECIES, LAND USES, CROP PRODUCTION, CARBON CYCLE, BIODIVERSITY, ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, BIODIVERSITY ECOSYSTEMS, COASTAL ZONE, BIODIVERSITY CRISIS, BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES, PUBLIC GOOD, CLIMATE CHANGE, CATTLE, BIOMASS, CARBON, FORESTS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, CONSERVE BIODIVERSITY, FISH STOCK, APPROACH TO BIODIVERSITY, ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE, NATURAL HABITAT, FOREST, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, BENEFIT ANALYSIS, FLOOD CONTROL, LOCAL LIVELIHOODS, BIODIVERSITY VALUATION, CRITICAL HABITATS, BIODIVERSITY LOSS, RED LIST, ILLEGAL TRADE, SOIL EROSION, ECONOMIC VALUE, WILDLIFE, MARINE ECOSYSTEMS, RECYCLING, GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, ECONOMIC VALUATION, ECONOMISTS, FISHERS, ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS, CRITICAL NATURAL HABITATS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, DAMS, REDUCING EMISSIONS, CROPS, ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT, NATURAL AREAS, FLOODS, WATERSHED PROTECTION, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMICS, LANDSCAPE, CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL TERMS, FRESHWATER, HABITAT DESTRUCTION, PUBLIC GOODS, CLIMATE, IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, RIVERINE, TREE SPECIES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, PRESENT VALUE, RESERVOIRS, LIVELIHOODS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, STORM PROTECTION, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CRITICAL ECOSYSTEM, ECOSYSTEMS, ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT, ECOSYSTEM HEALTH, LAND MANAGEMENT, POLLUTANTS, NATURE, RAINFALL, POPULATION GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, TOURISM, CONSTRUCTION, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, OIL, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY, PARKS, DIETS, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, FRAGMENTATION, PRIVATE COSTS, FRESH WATER, NATURAL HABITATS, MARINE RESERVES, INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES, CRITICAL ECOSYSTEMS, COASTAL DEVELOPMENT, LOSS OF SPECIES, FARMS, FISH, POLLUTION, TIMBER, WATERSHED, INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT, DRY SEASON, BIODIVERSITY ACTIVITIES, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, WILDLIFE TRADE, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, CLEAN WATER, ECONOMIC BENEFITS, GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY, HOT SPOTS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURE, EROSION, BUILDING MATERIALS, UNSUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION, TRADEOFFS, CARBON SINKS, ECOSYSTEM GOODS, WORLD FISHERIES, CARBON DIOXIDE, EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS, WETLANDS, LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY, ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION, FOOD SECURITY, HABITAT CONSERVATION, MOUNTAINS, WATERSHEDS, ECONOMIC MODELS, GRANT MONEY, MANGROVES, BIODIVERSITY FUNDS, GREENHOUSE GASES, BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION, BIOLOGY, NUTRIENT CYCLING, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE, SUSTAINABLE USE, CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, FORESTRY, CONTINGENT VALUATION, BIRDS, ENDEMIC SPECIES, NATURAL RESOURCES, PROTECTED AREAS, SOILS, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, REPLENISHMENT, CONSERVATION EFFORTS, SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS, VEGETATIVE COVER, ECOSYSTEM, NATIONAL WILDLIFE, DEFORESTATION, DATA COLLECTION, FISHERIES
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