The project SHAIR aims to define the drilling of the future, and its place in the technical and social organization of the company. It is particularly positioned in the aeronautics sector. Indeed, on the production and assembly lines, this operation takes an important place since it intervenes on parts with very high added value. Its control is therefore a major economic stake. Added to this issue is the fact that fastener housing holes are prime sites for fatigue crack initiation, therefore quality control (in terms of surface integrity and material integrity) is a really strong requirement. In this context, we wish, through our project, to design the Smart drilling - drilling of the future: first, a pair of digital twins “process” and “machine” will be developed, to predict and guarantee in real-time the quality of drilled holes and to monitor the machine fleet. It will be linked to the "real" process through multi-sensor instrumentation which will provide information in quantity, which will have to be sorted and processed in order to produce relevant indicators (KPIs) to help decision-making. In parallel with these scientific and technical developments, we will study how the deployment of the technology of the future for drilling impacts the social organization of the company via the resulting re-composition of professions. Indeed, we know that these technologies can be badly accepted by the actors of the production, in particular the operators. We will therefore seek to define different integration scenarios for this technology (operator more or less involved and empowered, decision-making at different levels - operator, supervisor, production manager) in order to study the social impact. The objective is then to define overall performance criteria (technico-social) allowing the optimal deployment of technology in the company.