The Cell Wall (CW) is a thin and stiff layer encasing and protecting bacterial, plant and fungal cells. It undergoes dynamic modifications in mechanics and composition that drive growth, reproduction, and infection. Such modifications entail risks of CW breakage and lysis of cells, due to their high internal pressure. In fungi, those risks are mitigated by the cell wall integrity pathway (CWI), which detects CW defects through membrane mechanosensors, and promotes compensatory responses. Building on novel quantitative approaches of our consortium to dynamically map CW mechanics around live fission yeast cells, and to model walled cells growth and morphogenesis, we propose an interdisciplinary program aiming at dissecting the mechanisms of CW mechanosensing by surface sensors of the CWI and at addressing the function of mechanosensation in cell growth. This project shall shed light on the mechanisms of surface mechanosensing and their role in promoting cell survival during growth.