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ELECTROPHONE

Controlling ELECTROnic phase transitions in molecular materials by non-linear PHONonics
Funder: French National Research Agency (ANR)Project code: ANR-19-CE30-0004
Funder Contribution: 554,143 EUR

ELECTROPHONE

Description

Photo-induced phase transitions, driven by an intense optical pulse, allow for ultrafast control of the physical properties of materials by light (2 eV range). However, heat dissipation and temperature rise limit the control of coherent atomic motions and functions, therefore other means to drive materials with lower photon energy are required. In addition, the direct activation by light of soft lattice modes that drive phase transitions through lattice instability is not always possible, because of the optically inaccessible frequency range and/or because of the symmetry of the modes precluding optical transitions. Here we propose to explore the fascinating possibilities offered by Non-Linear Phononics (NLP) to control functional molecular materials. NLP takes advantage of strong infrared excitation (0.2 eV range) for driving a large amplitude high-frequency polar mode QIR, which can couple through nonlinear (anharmonic) terms and activate those "soft modes" able to drive phase transition. The time average creates an “effective” dynamic potential, rectifying the phonon field and adiabatically directing a slow mode, which may significantly change the average atomic positions to create a new phase of different structural and electronic orders. This process occurs abruptly, on the timescale of a phonon period. Ultimately, it appears possible to drive a symmetry breaking towards a more ordered state, allowing to revisit the old adage “structure makes function”. Up to now, this new opportunity is only just emerging, and has essentially been employed only on a few inorganic materials. In view of tantalising theoretical predictions, experimental opportunity, and the available technology suiting the challenge, we propose to develop nonlinear phononics for controlling electronic phase transitions in molecular materials. Importantly, the latter are rich resources of different functionalities. They present unique instabilities of molecular electronic states (charge, spin, …) that are strongly coupled to structural distortions of both the soft molecules and the soft lattice, and as such they are fitting test bed candidates for exploring NLP concepts in condensed matter. Our approach that consists in mixing experimental and theoretical expertise in material science seems an effective and attractive strategy in view of different types of coupling and different physical processes behind NLP driven phase transitions. ELECTROPHONE will benefit from the expertise of the different partners, as developing this challenging project will require detailed knowledge of crystalline structure, phonons and symmetry, theoretical calculations of intra- and inter-molecular modes, description of their couplings, as well as time-resolved experiments on the ultrafast time-scale. The ultimate goal of this project consists in recasting a new physical picture of Non-Linear Phononics in electronic phase transition materials by networking experimentalists and theorists.

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