Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of blindness in children. This disease is characterized by inflammatory processes and abnormalities in vascular development of the retina. Preliminary results from our laboratories and published data show that specific lipids, such as plasmalogens and endocannabinoids, can regulate inflammatory processes as well as the development of blood vessels in different tissues. The EndoROP project brings together specialists in lipid metabolisms, inflammation and angiogenesis in the retina. It will characterize in details the place of plasmalogens and endocannabinoids in the regulation of retinal vascular development in ROP by: 1) understanding the plasmalogen-dependent molecular mechanisms by which endocannabinoids regulate retinal vascular development in physiologic conditions (Work-Package 1) ; 2) deciphering the cellular and molecular mechanisms involving plasmalogens and endocannabinoids in the pathologic conditions of ROP (Work-Package 2), and 3) identifying new therapeutic targets and develop new therapeutic approaches to prevent or to limit the retinal vascular abnormalities observed in ROP (Work-Package 3). Altogether, our project will document the molecular mechanisms by which plasmalogens regulate the endocannabinoid system in the retina and offer new therapeutic strategies to prevent ROP in premature infants.